What does it mean to be human? Is it our thoughts? our soul? our intelligence? If these things could live on beyond the decease of our bodies, then would we still be alive? Would that still be us? Bruce Duncan is the Managing Director of the Terasem Movement Foundation and the Principle Investigator of the LifeNaut Project. He is leading a long term scientific study interested in the transfer of your mind to a robot, or another biological body. If we choose to save large amounts of personal information about ourselves into something called a ‘MindFile’ then could your memories, beliefs, emotions and values be transferred into a thinking machine when you die and could that artificial intelligence continue to be you, for eternity? These are the questions Bruce is asking. He’s one of the figures behind the ongoing development of a humanoid robot called Bina48. Who’s created from the ‘mindfile’ information of a real person and has been described as the most sentient and real robot in the world.

Today I’m speaking with Joe Quirk. The Seasteading Institute believe that experiments are the source of all progress: to find something better, you have to try something new, but right now, there is no open space for experimenting with new societies. So they are working to enable seasteading communities — basically floating cities — which will allow the next generation of pioneers to peacefully test new ideas for how to live together. Joe is the president of this institute, as well as the co-founder and managing director of Blue Frontiers. He co-authored the book ‘Seasteading: How Floating Nations Will Restore The Environment, Enrich The Poor, Cure The Sick and Liberate Humanity from Politicians’.

Buck Angel is a human rights activist, speaker, innovator and one of America’s most successful porn stars. ‘Mr. Angel’, the documentary about his life and transition from female to male has helped to inspire and educate many on the struggles of being a transsexual person. His message of empowerment through self-acceptance and the mission to encourage everyone to be comfortable in their own skin – whatever that means to them – has struck a passionate chord with people all around the world. Through appearances at Yale, Cornell and other major institutions Buck is educating an entire generation on the fluidity of sexuality and identity politics. He’s appeared on HBO, National Geographic, in Forbes, Esquire and Rolling Stone to name just a few.

This is PART 2, of a two part conversation with Johann Hari. Check out PART 1 first for context.

Johann Hari is the author of the New York Times bestselling book; ‘Chasing the Scream’ which is being adapted into a feature film. His TED Talk ‘Everything You Think You Know About Addiction Is Wrong’ and the animation based on it have more than 20 million views. However it’s his latest book ‘Lost Connections’, another New York Times Bestseller, that I want to speak with him about today! What really causes depression and anxiety – and how can we really solve them? Johann suffered from depression since he was a child, started taking anti-depressants when he was a teenager and continued to do so for 13 years. He was told that his problems were caused by a chemical imbalance in his brain. As an adult, trained in the social sciences, he began to investigate whether this was true – and he learned that almost everything we have been told about depression and anxiety is wrong. Across the world, Hari found scientists who were uncovering evidence that depression and anxiety are not caused by a chemical imbalance in our brains. In fact, they are largely caused by key problems with the way we live today.

Johann Hari is the author of the New York Times bestselling book; ‘Chasing the Scream’ which is being adapted into a feature film. His TED Talk ‘Everything You Think You Know About Addiction Is Wrong’ and the animation based on it have more than 20 million views. However it’s his latest book ‘Lost Connections’, another New York Times Bestseller, that I want to speak with him about today! What really causes depression and anxiety – and how can we really solve them? Johann suffered from depression since he was a child, started taking anti-depressants when he was a teenager and continued to do so for 13 years. He was told that his problems were caused by a chemical imbalance in his brain. As an adult, trained in the social sciences, he began to investigate whether this was true – and he learned that almost everything we have been told about depression and anxiety is wrong. Across the world, Hari found scientists who were uncovering evidence that depression and anxiety are not caused by a chemical imbalance in our brains. In fact, they are largely caused by key problems with the way we live today.

Kevin Kelly is the co-founder of ‘Wired’ magazine. He is the New York Times and Wall Street Journal bestselling author of titles such as; ‘The Inevitable’ which explores 12 technological forces that will shape our future, as well as his bestselling ‘New Rules for the New Economy’ ‘Out of Control’ and ‘What Technology Wants.’ He is behind visionary organisations such as the ‘All Species Foundation’, a non-profit aimed at cataloging and identifying every living species on earth. He’s championed projects that look 10,000 years into the future at the ‘Long Now Foundation’, as well as investigating how to revive and restore endangered or extinct species, such as the Wooly Mammoth.

Dr. Rupert Sheldrake is a biologist and author of more than 80 scientific papers and 10 books including his latest: ‘Science and Spiritual Practices’. After studying philosophy and history of science at Harvard University he became a Dean and Director of Studies in biochemistry and cell biology at Cambridge University. He has investigated unexplained phenomena such as; how pigeons find their way home, the apparent abilities of animals to anticipate earthquakes and tsunamis, and then subsequently studied similar phenomena in human beings. His book ‘The Science Delusion’ received the Book of the Year Award from the British Scientific and Medical Network. Deepak Chopra wrote: “Thirty years after his first heretical books, Sheldrake’s new one, is a landmark achievement. No science writing has inspired me more.” and ‘The Sunday Times’ wrote “Sheldrake will be seen as a prophet”.

Dr. Isaiah Hankel received his doctorate in Anatomy & Cell Biology and is an expert on mental focus, behavioural psychology and career development. He is the author of the books; ‘Black Hole Focus’ (which became a business bestseller internationally) and ‘The Science of Intelligent Achievement’. His work has been featured in The Guardian, Fast Company, Entrepreneur Magazine and he’s regularly invited to speak at the world’s top institutions such as; Harvard Medical School, Stanford University, Oxford University and the Marie Curie Institute in France.

Professor Paul Dolan is a best selling author of the book: ‘Happiness by Design’ which Nobel Prize winner Daniel Kahneman described as ‘Bold and Original’. He is an internationally renowned expert on happiness, behaviour and public policy and conducts original research into the measurement of happiness, its causes and consequences. He is currently a Professor and Head of Department in Psychological and Behavioural Science at L.S.E.

Dr. Guy Winch is a psychologist, author and speaker whose books have been translated into 24 languages. His most recent are: Emotional First Aid: Healing Rejection, Guilt, Failure and Other Everyday Hurts and How to Fix a Broken Heart which he spoke at the most recent TED annual conference about alongside speakers such as Elon Musk, Serena Williams and The Pope. His previous TED Talk ‘Why We All Need to Practice Emotional First Aid’ has been viewed over 5 million times and is rated among the top 5 most inspiring talks of all time on TED.com.